Up to the end of 2006, it was widely believed that the reform process in Indonesia had proceeded slowly and unevenly. Although some normative progress was achieved after the regime change in May 1998 -  such as the change of a number of laws at the national and municipal levels, the formation of extra-judicial institutions to strengthen control over the government, as well as a more open space for public ‘participation’ to influence and supervise decision making at executive, legislative and judicial levels -  the state remained ’weak’ in implementing, supervising and evaluating the implementation of various policies. In some cases the performance of the executive-legislative-judicial branches did not meet the demands and expectations of civil society because political interest still tended to override public interest. As a consequence, political status quo and impunity impeded the transition to democracy. In other words, reform has not resulted in a truly democratic country.

 

This Almanac on Human Rights and Security Sector Oversight in Indonesia maps the current status of human rights observance by Indonesia’s security sector in terms of policies and practices. By benchmarking the status of human rights observance, the Almanac is a tool which can help prioritise ongoing security sector reform needs to ensure the improved provision of public security by Indonesia’s security sector actors.

From 1998 onwards, Indonesian civil society organisations (CSOs) have relentlessly mapped instances of human rights abuses by state agencies and lobbied their government and the international community for assistance in changing policies and practices and in prosecuting those accused of documented human rights abuses. In recent years, the Munir Case has, for many, been highly symbolic of the contentiousness of the interaction between state, society and the security sector. But, at the same time, many CSOs have systematically developed their capacity to monitor, research and analyse key issues, as well as to follow-up with recommendations to improve the provision of public security through lobbying, advocacy and awareness raising with multiple stakeholders.

Since 1998, Indonesia’s continued democratic development and emergence as a key economic actor in Asia has provided the back-drop to the debate on security sector reform in the post-Suharto era. In the general context of security sector reform, much attention has been focused on Defence Reform, with much more attention now being paid to the Police Reform agenda and Intelligence Reform on issues such as the ‘State Secrecy Bill’. The crux of these debates has been the need for increased transparency and accountability in terms of policy, practices and budgeting. The security sector has cooperated with various reform platforms, not least through democratic reform imperatives but also its corporate interests in the post-Suharto reform era.

To further inform the debate on transparency and accountability across Indonesia’s security sector, and to identify ongoing reform needs across defence, police and intelligence, this Almanac reflects a concise effort to map the intersection of public security provision and the practices of state agencies. By mapping key problem areas and sub-dividing the relevant security sector actors, agencies and thematic issues, the Almanac provides a benchmark of various agencies’ contributions to public security, while at the same time enabling the mapping out of solutions that can help resolve the critical issues identified. It is intended that this mapping process can be repeated in the future in order to map the extent to which human rights observance improves across the security sector.


Description

Daftar Isi

Daftar Singkatan i
Pengantar DCAF vi
Pengantar IDSPS ix
Pengantar Komnas HAM xi
Pengantar HRWG xxi

Bagian I:
Kerangka Pikiran: Trend HAM dan Sektor Keamanan Kontemporer

Wacana HAM dan Sektor Keamanan Kontemporer (Hamdani)

Akuntabilitas Kejahatan HAM Masa Lalu: Impunitas versus Keadilan Transisi (Galuh Wandita)

Bagian II:
Konteks Umum HAM dan Sektor Keamanan di Indonesia

Hak Asasi Manusia dan Reformasi Sektor Keamanan di Indonesia (Dimas P Yuda & Mufti Makaarim A.)

Pengalaman Komnas HAM dalam Penegakan HAM (M.M Billah)

Persinggungan Praktik Intelijen dan HAM (Usman Hamid)

Hak-Hak Konstitusional dan Fundamental Aktor Keamanan (Rusdi Marpaung)

Pengarusutamaan Jender di Sektor Keamanan (Septi Shilawati)

Bagian III:
Mengakhiri Kekerasan Negara?

Tantangan Penyelesaian Kasus-Kasus Extrajudicial Killing di Wilayah Konflik (Oslan Purba)

Tantangan Penghentian Praktek-Praktek Penyiksaan di Lingkungan Penegakan Hukum (Asfinawati)

Akuntabilitas Penyelesaian Kasus-kasus Penghilangan Orang Secara Paksa (Mugiyanto)

Penangkapan dan/atau Penahanan Sewenang-wenang: Dalih Keadaan Darurat dan Terorisme (Bhatara Ibnu Reza)

Kebebasan Informasi dan Partisipasi publik: Aktor Keamanan dan Stigma Gerakan Masyarakat Sipil (Nawawi Bahrudin)

Hak atas Peradilan yang Adil, Terbuka, Bebas dan Tidak Memihak: Susahnya Mengadili Para Pelaku Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (Agung Yudhawiranata)

Kebebasan Beragama, Berkeyakinan dan Berpendapat: Imparsialitas dan Keberpihakan Negara dan Aktor-aktor Keamanan (Ahmad Suaedy)

Prinsip-Prinsip Hak-Hak Korban atas Reparasi: Menuju Keadilan Berorientasi Korban (Papang Hidayat)

Dilema Pemenuhan Anggaran Ekosob versus Anggaran Keamanan (Dian Kartika)

Konflik Sumber Daya Alam, Hak Ulayat dan Masyarakat Adat versus Tindak Kekerasan Aparat (Muhammad Islah)

Satpol PP dan Problem Kekerasan di Perkotaan (Nurkholis Hidayat)

Perempuan di Tengah Konflik Bersenjata (Meirani Budiman)

Manajemen Paskakonflik dalam Bingkai Sektor Keamanan Indonesia dan Masyarakat Sipil: Studi Kasus Poso dan Aceh (Syamsul Alam Agus & Puri Kencana Putri)

KKP dan Pengungkapan Pelanggaran HAM di Timor Timur (Zainul Maarif)

DDR Aceh dan Keadilan di Masa Transisi (Saiful Haq)

Sumber Foto

Biografi